Resine Mixed Bed
Amberlite, DI WATER RESIN, Softener Unit Resin, ION EXCHANGE RESIN
Mixed Bed resins, a mixture of cation and anions are used as polishers to obtain low conductivity water. Typically, low conductivity water is required for bolier feed for high pressure boilers, electronics, electrical discharge cutting machines and pharmaceutical applications.
Mixed Bed can also be used as a primary deionisation unit when the inlet salt is low. Mixed Beds also find applications in process industry where demineralization of pH sensitive products is to be carried out.
Mixed Bed Resins can be supplied in highly regenerated, premixed conditions for use in dye applications or they are also available as highly regenerated cations and anions for use in regeneratable mixed bed units. Premixed Resin is available in different proportions and combinations of cations and anions to suit the end of users needs.
NOTE: Mixed Beds are generally used in applications where water of very low conductivity is desired.
The Poular application is as below -
- Ultra pure water production
- Demineralisation
- Deionisation
- Condensate polishing (boiler feed water)
- Micro-electronics cleaning
- Pharmaceuticals
- Metal Removal
Each application requires a different water quality. In general cation resin for water softening and demineralization may last 5 to 10 years. Anion resins used in demineralization last anywhere from 3 to 5 years and are dependent on operational conditions. Like every other resin, the life of mixed bed resin is dependent on the application in which it is being used. Resin life is difficult to predict; in critical applications it's best to start analyzing and benchmarking the resin at least once per year.
|
Form |
: Solid Granular Form |
|
Color |
: Golden Light |
|
Odor |
: Odorless |
|
Odour threshold |
: Not determined. |
|
pH-value |
: Not applicable. |
|
Melting point/Melting range |
: undetermined |
|
Boiling point/Boiling range |
: undetermined |
|
Flash point |
: Not applicable |
|
Flammability (solid, gaseous) |
: Not determined. |
|
Decomposition temperature |
: Not determined |
|
Auto igniting |
: Product is not selfigniting. |
|
Danger of explosion |
: Product does not present an explosion hazard |
|
Explosion limits Lower |
: Not determined |
|
Explosion limits Upper |
: Not determined. |
|
Vapor pressure |
: Not applicable. |
|
Form |
: Solid |
|
Color |
: Blue |
|
Odor |
: Odorless |
|
Odour threshold |
: Not determined. |
|
pH-value |
: Not applicable. |
|
Melting point/Melting range |
: undetermined |
|
Boiling point/Boiling range |
: undetermined |
|
Flash point |
: Not applicable |
|
Flammability (solid, gaseous) |
: Not determined. |
|
Decomposition temperature |
: Not determined |
|
Auto igniting |
: Product is not selfigniting. |
|
Danger of explosion |
: Product does not present an explosion hazard |
|
Explosion limits Lower |
: Not determined |
|
Explosion limits Upper |
: Not determined. |
|
Vapor pressure |
: Not applicable. |
The presence of certain metal ions in water causes a variety of problems. These ions interfere with the action of soaps. They also lead to build up of limescale, which can foul plumbing, and galvanic corrosion.
Conventional water-softening appliances intended for household use depend on an ion-exchange resin in which “hardness ions” – mainly Ca2+ and Mg2+- are exchanged for sodium ions. Ion exchange devices reduce the hardness by replacing magnesium and calcium (Mg2+ and Ca2+) with sodium or potassium ions (Na+ and K+).”
Ion-exchange softeners are used extensively in small water systems and individual homes apart from Industry. Ion-exchange resin, exchanges one ion from the water being treated for another ion that is in the resin (sodium is one component of softening salt, with chlorine being the other). Ion Exchange resin exchanges sodium for calcium and magnesium. The following chemical reactions show the exchange process, where R represents Resin, the exchange material.
Removal of carbonate hardness:
Ca(HCO3)2 + Na2R ——> CaR + 2NaHCO3
Mg(HCO3)2 + Na2R ——> MgR + 2NaHCO3
Removal of non-carbonate hardness:
CaSO4 + Na2R —– > CaR + Na2SO4
CaCl2 + Na2R ——> CaR + CaCl2
MgSO4 + Na2R ——> MgR + Na2SO4
MgCl2 + Na2R ——> MgR + 2NaC1
Ion exchange resins are organic polymers containing anionic functional groups to which the divalent cations (Ca++) bind more strongly than monovalent cations (Na+).
Ion-exchange does not alter the water’s pH or alkalinity. However, the stability of the water is altered due to the removal of calcium and magnesium and slight increase in dissolved solids. For each ppm of calcium removed and replaced by sodium, total dissolved solids increase by 0.15 ppm. For each ppm of magnesium removed and replaced by sodium, total dissolved solids increase by 0.88 ppm.
When all the available Na+ ions have been replaced with calcium or magnesium ions, the resin must be re-charged by eluting the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions using a solution of sodium chloride. The waste waters eluted from the ion exchange column containing the unwanted calcium and magnesium salts are typically discharged to the sewage system in case of household units.