How to determine the amount of Dissolved-Oxygen

Oxygen-Dissolved

Water in contact with a gas will usually have dissolved in it a small amount of that gas. The atmosphere for example, consists essentially of nitrogen and oxygen, and both are somewhat soluble in water. Nitrogen is an inert gas and of minor importance, but the control of dissolved oxygen in industrial waters is essential for efficient operation.

Electric Grade Castor Oil For Use As Capacitor Impregnant

Electric Grade Castor Oil For Use As Capacitor Impregnant

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Specifications:

The Indian standards institution had been approved uses of Electrical Grade Castor oil for used in medium voltage power capacitors and high voltage energy storage capacitors. 

How to determine algae in given sample

Algae are common and normal inhabitants of surface waters. They differ from bacteria and fungi  in that they have an internal green pigment called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll enables them, in the presence of sunlight, to combine water and carbon-di-oxide to form sugars or related substances with the release of oxygen by the process called photosynthesis. Recirculating cooling water systems normally are plagued with algae growth to a greater extent than once through systems.

ACACIA Confirms to IP Laboratory Chemicals MSDS

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RX MARINE INTERNATIONAL
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ALUMINIUM POTASSIUM SUL

How to determine the sulphate reducing bacteria in a sample

Sulphate Reducing Bacteria 

Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) are anaerobic organisms which require an oxygen free environment for growth. They reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide.  They are responsible for the  foul hydrogen sulfide odors and are direct agents for corrosion. The hydrogen sulfide immediately reacts with metallic or dissolved iron to form black iron sulfide.

How to determine the total number of aerobic bacteria present in a sample

Total Viable Count (TVC)

Total viable count is a method to determine the total number of aerobic bacteria present in a particular water sample or deposit. This is an empirical measurement because occuring singly, in pairs, chains, clusters, or packets and no single growth medium or set of physical and chemical conditions can satisfy the physiological requirement of all bacteria in a water sample.

Summary Of Method

How to determine Inorganic Phosphate

Phosphate Ortho, Inorganic and Total

Various forms of phosphate are used in the treatment of boilers and cooling systems. Orthophos phate ion, the simplest form has the formula PO4 =. It may also exist in water as H2 PO4 _or HPO 4=, depending on the pH. Complex forms of this ion, or polyphosphates, are also used for both scale control and corrosion protection in operating systems. Examples of complex inorganic phosphates are pyrophosphate, hexametaphosphate, and other polyphosphates.

How to prepare standard solution

Composition of Prepared Reagents

Reagent grade chemicals should be used in the preparation of all solutions. These reagents should be prepared only in a well-equipped laboratory, under the supervision of an experienced chemist. It is advisable to purchase these solutions from a laboratory supply house if complete laboratory facilities are not available for their preparation.

Acetic Acid-Sodium Acetate Buffer

How to determine pH of any solution

pH

Solution pH is measure of the concentration of active acid or base in solution. Exactly defined, pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, but a simpler explanation is that pH is a number between 0 and 14, denoting various degrees of acidity or alkalinity. Neutral water has  pH of 7. Values below 7 and approaching 0 are increasingly acid while values from 7 to 14 are increasingly alkaline.

Pure water ionizes to produce hydrogen or acid ions (H+) and hydroxyl or alkaline ions (OH-) as illustrated.